Understanding the Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Know Your Numbers: The Foundation of CKD Management
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is classified into five progressive stages, beginning with mild kidney impairment in Stage 1 and advancing to complete kidney failure in Stage 5. Each stage has its own distinct features, and keeping track of your key health numbers is essential for successfully managing the disease.
Stage 1: Mild Kidney Damage (eGFR ≥ 90)
At Stage 1, your kidneys still function normally, though there are early signs of structural damage. These early warning signs may include protein or blood in the urine or indications of a hereditary kidney condition.​
Action Plan:
Early intervention at this stage matters significantly.
Collaborate with your doctor to address underlying conditions such as diabetes or hypertension.
Adopt a kidney-friendly diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking to reduce further damage.
Stage 2: Mild Decline in Kidney Function (eGFR 60–89)
During Stage 2, kidney function declines slightly, but symptoms are rarely noticeable. Many people with Stage 2 CKD remain asymptomatic, making regular health check-ups very important.​
Action Plan:
Continue managing risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
Follow your doctor’s recommendations regarding dietary changes, such as reducing sodium and limiting processed foods.
Monitor your eGFR regularly to track kidney health over time.
Stage 3A: Moderate CKD (eGFR 45–59)
At this stage, kidney damage is present but remains in the earlier part of moderate CKD. Symptoms may still be absent, but some people might notice mild fatigue or slight swelling in the limbs. Early diagnosis is crucial for slowing the disease’s progression.​
Action Plan:
Your nephrologist will monitor your kidney function and focus on preventing further progression.
They may address early complications such as mild fluid retention or rising blood pressure.
Nutrition counseling is important for managing protein, sodium, and other nutrients to support kidney health.
Stage 3B: Moderate CKD (eGFR 30–44)
Stage 3B indicates more advanced kidney damage, and symptoms are more likely to develop. Common signs include fatigue, swelling in the hands or feet, and changes in urination.​
Action Plan:
Your nephrologist will closely monitor your kidney function and manage complications such as high blood pressure, anemia, or bone health issues.
Working with a dietitian is essential for adjusting your diet to limit sodium, phosphorus, and protein while ensuring proper nutrition.
Stage 4: Severe CKD (eGFR 15–29)
With significantly reduced kidney function in Stage 4, symptoms like severe fatigue, nausea, or shortness of breath may become more noticeable. This period is critical for preparing for future treatment options, such as dialysis or transplant.
​​
Action Plan:
Your nephrologist will help manage complications like fluid retention, acidosis, or high potassium levels.
Nutrition counseling is vital to keep a healthy balance of vitamins and minerals.
Stage 5: Kidney Failure (eGFR < 15)
Stage 5, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), means the kidneys can no longer function well enough to sustain life. Dialysis or a kidney transplant becomes necessary for survival.​
Action Plan:
Stage 5 requires a coordinated care team, including nephrologists, dialysis technicians, and transplant specialists.
Though the transition can be overwhelming, advances in treatment and patient education make living with ESRD manageable for many people.
The Importance of “Knowing Your Numbers”
Being aware of your key health numbers enables you to take charge of your kidney health every day.
Keep a log of your readings, adopt a balanced diet, and make lifestyle changes that support kidney function.
Be proactive: ask questions and stay informed about how medications or treatments might affect your kidneys.
Early detection and active management can make a significant difference.
Do not wait for symptoms to develop before taking action.
Start by learning your essential health metrics, discussing them with your healthcare provider, and creating a personalized plan to protect your kidneys for the future.
By understanding your numbers, you gain the power to influence your kidney health and work toward a brighter, healthier future.